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Monday, 15 December 2014

[amakurunamateka] Gahima haunted by his Role I n the Rwanda Genocide?

 

Gahima haunted by his Role I n the Rwanda Genocide?

The former Rwandan Prosecutor in the Post Genocide Government of the RPF Dr Gerald Gahima has strongly criticized the Two American Professors who participated in the BBC Documentary that exposed the role of RPF as an institution and Kagame as its leader in Genocide and the shooting the presidential jet of Kagame's predecessor Juvenal Habyarimana.
  

The contentious issue in the documentary is the number of Tutsis that are reported by theTwo American Researchers and probably according to Gerald Gahima the shooting was not the precursor of genocide.

Gahima Gerald

The question still remains, if the presidential jet was not shot, would the Tutsi have died on the same pace and gravity? The answer to any sounding sober mind will argue that Tutsis had been killed before because they were Tutsis, this means that by definition, of genocide, it was there, but the scale and gravity at which the Tutsis were killed is the contentious issue and whether Kagame or Gahima have failed to convincingly answer.

Indeed, does Dr Gelard Gahima acknowledge that the lighting of the match on the dry season will burn the glass? Or pouring oil on the hot flame, what would you expect? This is what the Professors and other academics are talking about?

Under the International law, Article II of 1948 Convention on Genocide:
"In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with the intent to destroy…"

The definition of genocide requires that the perpetrator have a specific state of mind: the "intent to destroy" a group. The intent to destroy is distinct from a perpetrator's particular motive for the crime, like counter-insurgency. In the absence of explicit evidence, intent can be inferred from facts and circumstances that take into account the general context of the crime, such as: preparation of other culpable acts systematically and exclusively directed against the same group; scale of atrocities committed; weapons employed; the extent of bodily injury; and/or the repetition of destructive and discriminatory acts.

Does the above Convention talk of any number? Why then many people are embroiled in the number of the people who were killed? For example under the international law, if the number of Hutus which was killed by RPF was greater than the Tutsis but where killed in the war  or as the collateral not targeted  would it  deny the Tutsis Genocide? The answer is no, Dr Gahima as an academic and a lawyer, he should be aware that the genocide definition has gone broader to include even rape, torture, or killing even a single person.
For instance, the tribunals have elaborated on the act of "causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group." In the Akayesu case, the ICTR decided that the harm need not be permanent or irremediable and can include torture, be it "bodily or mental, inhumane or degrading treatment, persecution." The judgment in this case allowed rape to be considered an act of genocide when committed with the intent to destroy a protected group. The tribunals further confirmed that the harm also includes sexual violence that falls short of killing.

If then we take the augment of Mr Gahima that the American Professors were wrong on the number of the Tutsis who were killed, but we take the UN Mapping report or Report of other experts on the number of Hutus that have been killed, will it fit the purpose of Gahima's definition? Why and how should saying that Hutus died be a crime in Rwanda?

This is the same scenario in the Kenyan case were the charges were dropped because the government of Kenya failed to cooperate, should the Kenyan President celebrate? The answer is no, why? Because he has not been made innocent by the court, instead the case is shelved, any time he will be recalled to answer those charges, why? Because a crime of international law is not committed by abstract entities but by individuals, and by trying individuals, then justice is served.

Why Gahima wants to wash himself white? The answer is simple; Mr. Gahima had a role in all the mess in Rwanda which he does not want to accept the responsibility like his colleagues, namely Gen. Kayumba Nyamwasa, and Dr Théogene Rudasingwa. For instance, the Human Rights Watch in 1994 reported many killings by RPF but were never investigated or prosecuted, this is what it said "Because this report focused on the genocide itself, we collected only limited data on crimes committed by the RPF. The information is sufficient, however, to demonstrate that certain kinds of RPF abuses occurred so often and in such similar ways that they must have been directed by officers at a high level of responsibility. It is likely that these patterns of abuse were known to and tolerated by the highest levels of command of the RPF forces".

If Gahima does not have the Data of the number of the Tutsis who were killed, does he have the Data for the Hutus?  It's because of the objective of the RPF and Kagame to capture the State power, he never cared for the many Tutsis who were slaughtered by the Interahamwe and other EX-FARforces, and RPF was busy killing innocent civilians. Mr. Gahima with his colleagues under the orders of Kagame said that they did not need UN Intervention force to either help or protect the Tutsis who were being slaughtered, On April 30, Gerald Gahima and Claude Dusaidi of the RPF political bureau made a statement which declared:

"The time for U.N. intervention is long past. The genocide is almost completed. Most of the potential victims of the regime have either been killed or have since fled"

This was at the time when the Security Council was discussing sending a larger peacekeeping force to Rwanda with a broader mandate to protect civilians, according to many political analysts, the RPF feared that the force might interfere with its goal of military victory.

Mr. Gerlad Gahima therefore is not only counter arguing, but is defending his collective role and ugly past in the Genocide against the Tutsis and his abuse of power after the genocide in the Rwanda legal system. For Instance he ordered all the Ministry of Justice (MINIJUST) vehicles to be taken to one of the Garages owned by  Muhamed near Kinamba,  could he tell the Rwandan people and clear on this matter? Again, the fall of BAKAR Bank and the subsequent fleeing of its Managing Director, Mr Valence Kajeguhakwa, was the work of Mr. Gahima Gerald.

Similarly, the storey magnificent building, adjacent to his former office as the prosecutor general, how did he own it?  The loans from many Banks were he even assigned his mother an old woman for more than 70 FRW Million, was unearthed by the Rwanda authorities. The abuse of power extended to the judiciary, he once went to the High Court single handedly with cuffs   arresting judges, and many flying through windows.

Why can't Mr. Gahima be realistic, if the figures are wrong, and lets us assume that they are wrong why, can't the Rwandan government come up with the real figures? Or with immediate effect create a commission of Inquiry as it had done, on the BBC, or Habyarimana Shooting, or the French Role in the Rwandan Genocide respectively?

Where would the American Professors get the accuracy that Mr. Gahima wants us to believe if they are now blocked to go back to Rwanda and are now Persona no grata in Rwanda?  The Dr Alison Des Forges he is referring to, was also made Persona no grata before she died, why? He is telling people to read his book? Is he an authority on genocide of Rwanda, in which he has an interest? As a lawyer, he knows the maxim of not being a judge in your own cause, indeed, that's why we have never had an independent inquiry in the death of two heads of state in the political and legal history of the international community.

Therefore, Mr. Gahima should tell the Rwandans his role in the Genocide against the Tutsis and the reckless massacre of many Hutus, he has a responsibility in all the mess of the Rwanda politics since RPF took power, it is his confession and ability to make himself a new man that many Rwandans want, not his rhetoric that he is a saint and Kagame is the devil.

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[amakurunamateka] UBUSHAKASHATSI BWAKOZWE NA PROF. ALLAN STAN & CHRISTIAN DAVENPORT KURI GENOCIDE

 

Ikiganiro Serge Ndayizeye yagiranye na Gerald Gahima kuri Radio Itahuka.


HOST: Serge Ndayizeye

TOPIC: UBUSHAKASHATSI  BWAKOZWE NA PROF. ALLAN STAN & CHRISTIAN DAVENPORT KU MUBARE WABANTU BAGUYE MURI GENOCIDE MU RWANDA BUKOMEJE GUTERA URUJIJO NDETSE N'IMPAKA MU BANYARWANDA HIRYA NO HINO

1.Umwarimu muri University ya Michigan Allan Stan ndetse na mugenziwe Prof Christian Davenport bafatanyije nirindi tsinda ryabantu batandukanye harimo abamyamategeko bo muri Arusha, abashakashatsi mubumenyi bwa  Computer mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya software, nyuma yo gusohora imibare yabo kuri ubwo bushakashatse ndetse no kwandika ibitabo bitandukanye, .Allan Stam: Understanding the Rwanda Genocide & Christian Davenport Rethinking Rwanda, 1994 , Iyo mibare ikaba kandi yarakoreshejwe muri documentary ya BBC Rwanda's Untold Story aho bameza ko umubare mwishi wabantu baguye muri Genocide 1994 ari abahutu, ubushakashatsi bakoze bwerekana uburyo babashije kumenya uburyo abantu bagiye bapfa umunsi kumunsi ndetse naho intambara yabaga igeze , ibi byose bakoze bifashishije ubuhamya bw'abarokotse genocide, "Ibuka" Human right watch, Amnesty international, FBI, CIA, Satellite images za Canada, ICTR Arusha.

*Uburyo abantu bapfuyemo

*Intaro zakoreshejwe "Imbunda, Imipanga, Ibikoresho gakondo ndetse nibindi"

*Aho baguye " Kiliziya , bariyeri, ku mashuri ndetse nahandi

*Icyo baba barazize, Ubwoko bwabo, Poltike, Imitongo yabo, ishyari ndetse nibindi

*Ubwoko bw'ibyaha byagaragaye muri Genocide, Civil War or Politicide

*Gufata abagore kungufu, iyicwa rubozo, Abayobozi babihagarikye cyangwa babishyigikiye

*Ikibazo umuntu wese yakwibaza ni umusaruro ubushakashatsi bwaba barimu bwamarira abanyarwanda? Ese kuki Leta ya U Rwanda yabwamaganye ariko nibashe kutubwira umubare nyawo wabantu baguye muri Genocide 1994 tukaba tumaze imyaka irenga 20 umubare nyakuri utazwi.

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Sunday, 14 December 2014

[amakurunamateka] UMWICANYI RUHARWA WA FPR BWANA GENERAL KAZURA JEAN BOSCO YAHAMBIRIJWE NA ONU KUBERAKO YISHE ABAHUTU BATAGIRA INGANO MU RWANDA NO MURI CONGO

 


RUHARWA WA FPR BWANA GENERAL KAZURA JEAN BOSCO YAHAMBIRIJWE NA ONU KUBERAKO YISHE ABAHUTU BATAGIRA INGANO MU RWANDA NO MURI CONGO

By NKURUKIYINKA GILBERT, HUYE

Umuryango wubumwe bwabibumbye ushinze kurinda amahoro kwisi uyu munsi wahambirije umunyarwanda warushinzwe ingabo zilinda amahoro mugihugu cya Mali Bwana General Jean Bosco Kazura, umuziza ibirego byawugejejweho nabanyarwanda babuze ababo ndetse nimiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bw ikiremwamuntu kubera yayoboye amatsinda menshi yinkotanyi zicishaga udufuni abana baba hutu mugihugu cyu Rwanda guhera muri 1990 ubwo FPR yateraga abanyarwanda ikabica umusubizo. 

NGUYU UMWICANYI RUKARABANKABA MUKURU ARI KUMWE NABO BAFATANYA KWICA ABANYARWANDA. KANDA HANO USOMYE INKURU IRAMBUYE KWIYIRUKANWA RYE
NKUKO BYATANGAJWE NA FOREIGN POLICY JOURNAL
Ahangaha turagirango tubibutse ko bwana Kazura—ari umwe mubantu ba hafi bumwicanyi RUharwa bwana Paul Kagame kandi akaba na Somambike we. Mumwaka ushize yagizwe umukuru wingabo zishinzwe kurinda amahoro mugihugu cya Mali suko yarabikwiriye ahubwo ni ya politiki yumwicanyi ubakuriye bose bwana Bill Clinton na Tony Blair basabye umuryango wabibumbye ko u Rwanda rwakohereza ingabo zarwo muri Mali muli politiki yo kugumya kubeshya amahanga ko Kagame akora neza noguhisha icyaha gikomeye bakoranye cyokwica President Habyarimana bakanategura genocide yo mu Rwanda no muli Congo. Uku niko Umwicanyi Kabombo Bwana KAZURA yagizwe umuyobozi wingabo zishinzwe amahoro muri Mali bita MINUSMA, mukwezi kwa gatandatu umwaka wi 2013.

Nkuko byanditswe mwitangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara na ONU i NEW YORK rivugako bibwiyeko bashira uyu mwicanyi ruharwa bwana Kazura mubuyobozi bwingabo zishinzwe amahoro muli Mali bari bakoze iperereza rihagije ngo ariko bageze nyuma baza gusanga haribimenyetsi simusiga byerekana ko yateguye kandi akanashira mubikorwa kwica abahutu muturere twose twu Rwanda ndetse no muri Congo agamije gutsematsemba abahutu maze akimika ingma Ntutsi. Ibi bikomeje gukurikiranwa neza bikaba byaba ibyaha bya genocide yakorewe ubwoko bwabahutu mu Rwanda no muri Congo.  Kubwiyompamvu umuryango wabibumbye ukaba warakurikiranye ibi birego numurego bakaba basanze bidakwiriye ko umuntu ubonwa nka Rukarabankaba nabanyarwanda ntakuntu yahagararira amahoro ahariho hose kwisi. Kanda hano usome iyo nkuru mucyongereza nkuko ilimo gutangazwa nibinyamakuru Mpuzamahanga kuruhare rwa Kazura mukwica abahutu mu Rwanda.


Tububutseko kandi ibi bimaze kumenyekana umuryango wabibumbye wagishije inama urukiko rukurikirana ibyaha byakorewe inyokomuntu ku Rwanda rwa Arusha bita United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda nikigo gishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu cya ONU cyitwa Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, nuko baza gusanga ibi birego biteye inkeke kandi batagumya kubyihanganira.

Nkuko ikinyamakuru cyacu cyabonye kuri email yatumwe kubinyamakuru bitandukanye i New York  ho muli America ndetse no mukarere ku burayi uyu mugabo yahagaritswe kumilimo ye guhera taliki ya 14 Ukuboza 2014, Major General Jean Bosco Kazura ubu akaba yahambiriye amabinga yerekeza mu Rwanda aho ari umwe mubicanyi bakuru bamereye nabi abanyarwanda cyane cyane abana babahutu. Ahangaha kandi turagira ngo tubibutse ibirego mubyo uyu Rukarabankaba aregwa byatangajwe kuburyo burambuye mubinyamakuru mpuzamahanga mumwaka ushize wa 2013 harimo na Foreign Policy Journal. Bikaba byaribishingiye kumakuru yatanzwe nabamwe mubarokotse ubwicanyi bwa RFP buyobowe na Chef Rukarabankaba bwana Paul Kagame n umufasha we Kazura Jean Bosco. Abandi batanze amakuru yizewe ni abatutsi bahoze mungabo za FPR ndetse namaperereza yakozwe ninkiko nka ICTR nibindi binyamakuru mpuzamakungu.

Nkuko kandi ayo ma raporo yavuze bwana Jean Bosco Kazura na mugenzi we Rukarabankaba General Patrick Nyamvumba, twayoboraga ingabo za ONU zishinzwe amahoro muri Darfur, bayoboye ibitero simusiga muri za 1994 mukarere ka Byumba na Kibungo bategeka ingabo zabatutsi kwica umuhutu wese babonaga agihumeka. Abana babahutu babarirwa mumamilioni barahaguye baba abakeecuru nabasaza nabana muri operation bari bise kuburira FPR itambuke yarizwi nka  "sweeping" or "mopping up,".

Ikibabaje kurushaho nuko abahutu bishwe bajugunywe mubyobo hamwe nabatutsi bari bishwe ninterahamwe ibyo bikaba bishimangira ibyo tumaze iminsi tuvugako amagufwa ari Kugisozi aramagufwa yabana babahutu atarayabatutsi kuko iyaba ayabatutsi ntabwo Kagame yagombye kuba yishimira kuyatandika nkaho alimo agurishwa ibicuruzwa. Ahubwo kuberako amagufwa arayabanzi babo bishe kuribo nibyiza ko ayo magufwa yagurishwa mubazungu maze akabazanira amadovize yo gukoresha mumakompanyi yabo nka Crystal Vnetures bayiirira abatutsi. Nko mukarere ka za Akagera mumutara na Kibungo abaturage baragoswe bakazanwa mu nama mukarere ka paruwasi ya Gahini maze babarazamo urufaya barangije barabatwika maze umuyonga bawuta mumugezi wa Akagera ujyanwa mukiyaga cya Victoria kili hagati yubuganda na Kenya.  


Ikindi kandi bwana Generals Nyamvumba na Kazura bakoze nuko bafashe abana babasore babahutu bababwira ngo babajyanye mu ngabo ndetse nabandi bari bavuye mungabo za EX-FAR maze bakabajyana mukigo cya Gabiro aho ntamuntu wagombaga kubabona maze bakavbica urufaya barangiza bakabamenaho lisansi nyuma Ivuryimibiri yabo rikajya kumenwa mumugezi wa Akagera na Muvumba. Tubibutse ko ababa sore babahutu bajyanwaga i Gabiro babashiraga muri za containaire zitagira umwuka maze bagafunga bakagerayo bapfuye. Igihe babaga bamaze kwicwa baratwikwaga maze ivu ryabo rikavangwa numucanga wabaga ukuwe Kabarore maze barangiza bakawupakira amakamyo bakawujyana kuwugaburira ingona za Paul Kagame zororerwa mukiyaga cya Muhazi. Mumaweekend nibwo bwana Kagame numuryango we bazaga kureba uko ingona zishimye mugihe abakozi babaga balimo kuzigaburira umucanga ufite uuryohe bwinshhi kubera imibiri yabana babahutu yabaga ivanzemo. Kandi ubu bwicanyi bwo murwego rwo hejuru bwabaga bwateguwe n uwaricyo gihe Lt Colonel Nyamvumba, abifashijwemo na Kazura, kandi bigenzurwa na Kagame ubwo abicishije muri Directorate of Military Intelligence (DMI). 

Nkuko bisanzwe rero leta yikigali imaze kumva ko Umwicanyi Ruharwa Rukarabankaba bwana Kazura yirukanywe kuberako yicishije abahutu batagira ingano bahise bajya kumbuga nkoranyambaga batangira kwerekana amafoto bavugako yahawe ishimwe. Mubyukuri ahubwo ibyo babivuga yari yamaze kugera i Kigali vuba nabwangu kuko haramakuru avugako yagombaga gufatwa agashikirizwa inkiko Mpuzamahanga.

Ibi bibazo byose abanyarwanda bafite uyu munsi bikaba ntawundi biturukaho uretse abanyamerika nabongereza bakomeje gushigikira ingoma y UMWANZI WISHE AMAMILIOYNI YABAHUTU NABANYAKONGO AKAGORORERWA GUKORERA UN. Ariko banyarwanda ntimucike intege icyo mugomba kumenya kugirango tuzahorere ariya maraso yabacu yamenetse mugomba kwitanga namwe nibwo butwari. MWIBUKE KO AMARASO UYIMA IGIHUGU NYAMVUMBA, KAZURA, NA KAGAME BAKAYANYWERA UBUNTU.



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Re: [amakurunamateka] Rwandan General Accused of Supervising Death Squad Leaves UN | Foreign Policy Journal

 


Quand tu osés poster ce genre de conneries, tu prends les gens pour des cons?
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From:"Nzinink nzinink@yahoo.com [amakurunamateka]" <amakurunamateka@yahoogroups.com>
Date:Sat, Dec 13, 2014 at 9:00 PM
Subject:[amakurunamateka] Rwandan General Accused of Supervising Death Squad Leaves UN | Foreign Policy Journal

 


Rwandan General Accused of Supervising Death Squad Leaves UN

Rwandan General Jean Bosco Kazura is alleged to have supervised a death squad in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide.

Jean Bosco Kazura with Dutch officials Frans Timmermans, Bert Koenders, and Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert in 2013.

Jean Bosco Kazura with Dutch officials Frans Timmermans, Bert Koenders, and Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert in 2013.

The United Nations department of peacekeeping has unceremoniously announced the departure of one of its top commanders, Rwandan General Jean Bosco Kazura, who is alleged to have supervised a death squad in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide.

Kazura—one of Rwandan President Paul Kagame's most trusted generals—had been appointed commander of the UN's stabilization force in Mali, known as MINUSMA, in June 2013.

A statement from UN peacekeeping in New York said that while Kazura's appointment had followed established screening procedures, the UN later become aware of a series of serious allegations of human rights violations against the general.

As a result, the department consulted with the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and its Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, whose officials took note of the 'gravity of the accusations.'

"Following receipt of serious allegations of human rights violations against Major General Kazura, UN Peacekeeping undertook a wide range of consultations with a number of relevant interlocutors, including ICTR and OHCHR both of which are fully aware of the gravity of the accusations," the statement, sent in an email to this reporter, said.

"You may wish to be in touch with the Office of the High Commissioner in this regard," a spokesman for UN peacekeeping urged late Friday.

The UN human rights office was not immediately available for comment.

"As of 14 December 2014, Major General Jean Bosco Kazura is no longer in the employ of the United Nations," the spokesman declared. No further explanation was given.

Detailed allegations of Kazura's human rights record were first reported in December 2013 in Foreign Policy Journal.

The report was based on lengthy interviews with more than a dozen of Kagame's former soldiers and officers, in addition to a former ICTR official, a human rights activist and other sources.

The sources said Kazura and his colleague General Patrick Nyamvumba, the former commander of the UN/African Union peacekeeping force in Darfur, directed highly organized operations during the 1994 genocide in the prefectures of Byumba and Kibungo—areas controlled by Kagame's Tutsi-led army as early as April 1994, at the beginning of the genocide. During those operations, Rwandan Patriotic Army soldiers under Nyamvumba and Kazura's command hunted down and slaughtered thousands of unarmed Hutu civilians—men, women and children—according to testimony. These operations, known as "sweeping" or "mopping up," were conducted in communes that had already been cleared of soldiers loyal to the former government and Hutu extremists known as Interahamwe

Some of the Hutu victims were allegedly killed and dumped in graves mixed with Tutsis who had been murdered by Hutu extremists.  In other instances, Hutu civilians were rounded up, killed and burned in Akagera National Park near Rwanda's eastern border.

Former Tutsi officers said that after the genocide, Generals Nyamvumba and Kazura also oversaw the transport at night of male Hutu army recruits from all areas of Rwanda to killing grounds near the Gabiro training barracks and in other areas of Akagera Park, which were off limits to outsiders.

The sources said in many cases the recruits were put on trucks, eventually suffocated and were dead on arrival. In other cases Hutu recruits were killed in the park, at different locations.

In gruesome testimony, the Tutsi soldiers revealed that bodies of Hutu victims were often dumped into graves, burned with oil and dissolved with acid. The ashes were then mixed with soil or thrown into lakes.

These operations were directed by then Lt Colonel Nyamvumba, assisted by Kazura, and planned and coordinated by Kagame's Directorate of Military Intelligence (DMI) and intelligence staff from his High Command, according to people interviewed.

Earlier this week, the Rwandan government made no mention of the reason for Kazura's departure from UN peacekeeping, only that he was winding up his tour of duty in Mali.

"We congratulate him for a job well done," Rwanda's defence spokesman Brigadier General Joseph Nzabamwita said.

"He has represented Rwanda Defence Forces and Rwanda well in UN, as Force Commander. RDF is a key contributor to UN in terms of peacekeepers and leadership in several UN leadership positions," Nzabamwita added.

Rwanda is widely considered an important contributor of peacekeepers to the United Nations, employing nearly 5,700 troops, military experts and police officers in global hot spots such as Darfur, the Central African Republic and Mali.

In July, US Ambassador to the UN Samantha Power lauded Rwanda for its international role.

"Rwanda's troops were among the first boots on the ground when conflicts metastasized in the Central Africa Republic and South Sudan," Power said in New York.

"And it's not just that the Rwandans volunteer for complex and dangerous missions. It's that because of their commitment to protect civilians, the population in countries where the Rwandans serve trust them; troops from other countries who serve alongside them draw strength from their fortitude; and aggressors who would attack civilians fear them," the diplomat added.

Judi Rever

alt
Judi Rever is a Montreal-based freelance journalist, formerly with Agence France-Presse and Radio France Internationale. She has reported from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast and the Middle East. She specializes in human rights issues, and is currently doing research for a book that would explore war crimes committed by the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its army. 



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[amakurunamateka] Rwandan General Accused of Supervising Death Squad Leaves UN | Foreign Policy Journal

 


Rwandan General Accused of Supervising Death Squad Leaves UN

Rwandan General Jean Bosco Kazura is alleged to have supervised a death squad in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide.

Jean Bosco Kazura with Dutch officials Frans Timmermans, Bert Koenders, and Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert in 2013.

Jean Bosco Kazura with Dutch officials Frans Timmermans, Bert Koenders, and Jeanine Hennis-Plasschaert in 2013.

The United Nations department of peacekeeping has unceremoniously announced the departure of one of its top commanders, Rwandan General Jean Bosco Kazura, who is alleged to have supervised a death squad in Rwanda during the 1994 genocide.

Kazura—one of Rwandan President Paul Kagame's most trusted generals—had been appointed commander of the UN's stabilization force in Mali, known as MINUSMA, in June 2013.

A statement from UN peacekeeping in New York said that while Kazura's appointment had followed established screening procedures, the UN later become aware of a series of serious allegations of human rights violations against the general.

As a result, the department consulted with the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and its Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, whose officials took note of the 'gravity of the accusations.'

"Following receipt of serious allegations of human rights violations against Major General Kazura, UN Peacekeeping undertook a wide range of consultations with a number of relevant interlocutors, including ICTR and OHCHR both of which are fully aware of the gravity of the accusations," the statement, sent in an email to this reporter, said.

"You may wish to be in touch with the Office of the High Commissioner in this regard," a spokesman for UN peacekeeping urged late Friday.

The UN human rights office was not immediately available for comment.

"As of 14 December 2014, Major General Jean Bosco Kazura is no longer in the employ of the United Nations," the spokesman declared. No further explanation was given.

Detailed allegations of Kazura's human rights record were first reported in December 2013 in Foreign Policy Journal.

The report was based on lengthy interviews with more than a dozen of Kagame's former soldiers and officers, in addition to a former ICTR official, a human rights activist and other sources.

The sources said Kazura and his colleague General Patrick Nyamvumba, the former commander of the UN/African Union peacekeeping force in Darfur, directed highly organized operations during the 1994 genocide in the prefectures of Byumba and Kibungo—areas controlled by Kagame's Tutsi-led army as early as April 1994, at the beginning of the genocide. During those operations, Rwandan Patriotic Army soldiers under Nyamvumba and Kazura's command hunted down and slaughtered thousands of unarmed Hutu civilians—men, women and children—according to testimony. These operations, known as "sweeping" or "mopping up," were conducted in communes that had already been cleared of soldiers loyal to the former government and Hutu extremists known as Interahamwe

Some of the Hutu victims were allegedly killed and dumped in graves mixed with Tutsis who had been murdered by Hutu extremists.  In other instances, Hutu civilians were rounded up, killed and burned in Akagera National Park near Rwanda's eastern border.

Former Tutsi officers said that after the genocide, Generals Nyamvumba and Kazura also oversaw the transport at night of male Hutu army recruits from all areas of Rwanda to killing grounds near the Gabiro training barracks and in other areas of Akagera Park, which were off limits to outsiders.

The sources said in many cases the recruits were put on trucks, eventually suffocated and were dead on arrival. In other cases Hutu recruits were killed in the park, at different locations.

In gruesome testimony, the Tutsi soldiers revealed that bodies of Hutu victims were often dumped into graves, burned with oil and dissolved with acid. The ashes were then mixed with soil or thrown into lakes.

These operations were directed by then Lt Colonel Nyamvumba, assisted by Kazura, and planned and coordinated by Kagame's Directorate of Military Intelligence (DMI) and intelligence staff from his High Command, according to people interviewed.

Earlier this week, the Rwandan government made no mention of the reason for Kazura's departure from UN peacekeeping, only that he was winding up his tour of duty in Mali.

"We congratulate him for a job well done," Rwanda's defence spokesman Brigadier General Joseph Nzabamwita said.

"He has represented Rwanda Defence Forces and Rwanda well in UN, as Force Commander. RDF is a key contributor to UN in terms of peacekeepers and leadership in several UN leadership positions," Nzabamwita added.

Rwanda is widely considered an important contributor of peacekeepers to the United Nations, employing nearly 5,700 troops, military experts and police officers in global hot spots such as Darfur, the Central African Republic and Mali.

In July, US Ambassador to the UN Samantha Power lauded Rwanda for its international role.

"Rwanda's troops were among the first boots on the ground when conflicts metastasized in the Central Africa Republic and South Sudan," Power said in New York.

"And it's not just that the Rwandans volunteer for complex and dangerous missions. It's that because of their commitment to protect civilians, the population in countries where the Rwandans serve trust them; troops from other countries who serve alongside them draw strength from their fortitude; and aggressors who would attack civilians fear them," the diplomat added.

Judi Rever

Judi Rever is a Montreal-based freelance journalist, formerly with Agence France-Presse and Radio France Internationale. She has reported from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast and the Middle East. She specializes in human rights issues, and is currently doing research for a book that would explore war crimes committed by the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its army. 



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“Uwigize agatebo ayora ivi”. Ubutegetsi bukugira agatebo ukariyora uko bukeye n’uko bwije.

"Ce dont j’ai le plus peur, c’est des gens qui croient que, du jour au lendemain, on peut prendre une société, lui tordre le cou et en faire une autre."

“The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.”

“The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.”

“I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile."

KOMEZA USOME AMAKURU N'IBITEKEREZO BYA VUBA BYAGUCITSE:

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1.Kumenya Amakuru n’amateka atabogamye ndetse n’Ibishobora Kukugiraho Ingaruka ni Uburenganzira Bwawe.

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