Ikintu cya mbere abantu bagira iyo babwiwe ukuri ni urwango
(This article was originally published in English by Inyenyerinews.org)
Posted by Kalimikashyali on April 6, 2013 at 3:55 AMJennifer Fierberg wo kuri inyenyerinews yabajije ibibazo Noble Marara ku Rwanda, ku mashyaka ya politiki, no ku banyarwanda baba hanze y'u Rwanda.
Byanditswe na Jennifer Fierberg afatanije na Noble Marara.
JF: Umaze imyaka irenga icumi hanze y'u Rwanda. Ibyo watangaje muri "Behind the presidential curtains" byashize ku gasozi ibintu byinshi bitari bizwi kuri perezida Kagame n'uko ayobora u Rwanda. Ubona u Rwanda na RPF bihagaze he muri kino gihe?
RPF imaze imyaka irenga 25 itegeka u Rwanda itagira opposition iturutse imbere mu Rwanda. Ariko, isi yose yuzuye amashyaka aharanira guhindura ibintu mu gihugu cyitwa u Rwanda kiri muri Afrika yo hagati, abantu bakunze kwita igihugu cy'imisozi igihumbi, gituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri million 11, kikaba gifite ubuso bungana na 26,338km². U Rwanda rukaba ari igihugu gifite ubutaka buke cyane ugereranije n'abaturage barutuye uko bangana.
Ubutegetsi bwa RPF burata cyane ko bwazanye kwishyira ukizana kw'abantu n'amahoro,
ariko biragaragara ko hari ibibazo byugarije u Rwanda. Urugero, hari ikibazo cy'abatutsi bavuga ko ababiciye batigeze bakurikiranwa, hari n'ubwicanyi RPF yakoreye abahutu ishyaka riri kubutegetsi rikaba rikomeza kwiraza inyanza kubyerekeye icyo kibazo. Hari akarengane gakabije mu bucamanza no mu nkiko, hari n'ikibazo
cyo gukomeza kugaba ibitero muri Congo, gufasha no guha ibikoresho inyeshyamba, gufatanya n'abazungu kwiba amabuye y'agaciro ya Congo. Hari abanyapolitiki baheze muri za gereza, abaturage nabo bagenda bicwa umwe kuwundi. Abasirikari barahunga ari benshi, kimwe n'abategetsi bakomeye. Hari impunzi nyinshi mu bihugu by'amahanga kuburyo u Rwanda rutazi umubare wazo, inyinshi zikaba ziri muri Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa, Congo Brazzaville, Cameroon, Tanzania, Uganda, Namibia, abandi bakaba bari mu bihugu byo mu burayi. U Rwanda ntirwigeze rubasha kubarura izi mpunzi ziba hanze yarwo gusa rukomeza kuvuga ko rutuwe na million 11.
JF: Amahanga menshi akomeza kurata iterambere muri Kigali nyuma ya 94, iryo terambere bakavugako abanyarwanda barikesha Paul Kagame. Ariko nanone hari benshi bemeza ko iryo terambere rimeze nk'inzu yubatse kumucanga ko byose bizagera igihe bigashwambuka. Wowe ubibona ute?
NM: Uburyo u Rwanda rwateye imbere ni Kagame n'abakorana nawe babyungukiramo. Abantu benshi baracyabaho mu bukene, abahinzi bategekwa ibyo bahinga ku gahato aho kugirango barekerwe uburenganzira bwabo bwo guhinga ibyo kurya imiryango yabo ikeneye. Kigali bakoze kuburyo igaragara neza inyuma, abazungu bashigikiye kagame barabirata cyane bavuga ko ari iterambere ritangaje. Ibyo byatumye Kigali iba isoko mpuzamahanga ry'amabuye y'agaciro ya Congo, Kigali ikaba inarinzwe bikomeye. Kagame afite inshuti bunvikana cyane mu Burayi, abantu nka Blair na Clinton n'abandi b'ibyamamare, ariko ntancuti agira mu baturanyi be.
JF: Hagombe kuba hari udutsiko twinshi turwanya ubutegesti bw'i Kigali dukorera hanze y'u Rwanda. Utwo dutsiko twaba ari tungahe, ese twaba dufite gahunda yo gukorera hamwe kugira ngo twongere ingufu za politiki?
NM: U Rwanda rufite amashyaka menshi, yose akaba yizeza abanyarwanda ari abari mu gihugu, ari abari hanze, guhindura ibintu bikamera neza. Hari amashyaka agera kuri 24.
1. ISHEMA Party
2. AMAHORO-People Congress
3. RDI-Rwanda Rwiza
4. RBP-Umweyo
5. Rwanda People Party IMVURA
6. FDU-Inkingi – Nkiko
7. FDU-Inkingi – Ndahayo
8. RNC – Rwanda National Congress
9. Social Party Imberakuri A
10. Social Party Imberakuri B
11. Social Party Imberakuri C
12. Democratic Green Party of Rwanda
13. Rwandan Patriotic Front
14. Rwanda Liberal Party
15. Christian Democratic Party
16. Islamic Democratic Party
17. Party for Progress and Concord
18. UDFR-IHAMYE
19. ISANGANO-ARRDC
20. Ubumwe-Indastimburwa
21. Rwandan Socialist Party
22. PDR – IHUMURE
23. The Communist Party of Rwanda
24. MLR Liberation Movement Rwanda
Ngizo zimwe mu mpanvu amashyaka mu banyarwanda avuka buri munsi kandi ishyaka rivutse ryose ryunva ko rigomba kugira radio. Hari igihe nibaza icyo abanyarwanda bita impinduka. Abenshi bibwira ko gushinga ishyaka ariko guhindura ibintu mu Rwanda. Twe twavutse hagati ya 60 na 80 twagombye guha ibisobanuro abakiri bato nuko dukomeza kubyirengagiza. Mwe muri kubutegetsi mwakomeje kubiba inzangano mutabizi kubera mukomeza kwanga ko Abahutu bapfushije ababo bakaba bagombye kugira uburenganzira bwo kwibuka abo bantu babo baguye muri genocide yakozwe n'abasirikari bari bafite inshingano yo kubarinda.
Twe turi mu buhungiro, tugomba kwemera ko turi gutsindwa kandi ko turi mu macakubiri aterwa na bamwe ibi bikaba bidusubiza inyuma mu ntambara abenshi muri twe biyemeje yo gusana imitima y'abanyarwanda batacyiyizera bakaba batizera ko RPF yakunga abanyarwanda ku buryo bunogeye bose.
Birakabije kubona hasigaye hari abantu bahakana ko mu Rwanda habaye genocide. Niba uri umwe muri abo bahakana genocide wagombye gukorwa n'ikimwaro. Muri iki gihe twibuka abacu baguye mu ntambara, abatemera ibyo amatwi yabo yunva, mpamagariye abavandimwe banjye gufatana ikiganza mu kindi maze twese hamwe twibuke ntakuvangura. Mpamagariye abavandimwe banjye, aho bari hose, gukorera hamwe, nta kureba uburebure bw'izuru cyangwa ibara ry'uruhu ahubwo, dukorere hamwe nk'abavandimwe basangiye byinshi. Ndizera ko abanyarwanda bose bamaze kubona ko abantu bose bategetse agahugu kacu mu gihe cyashize bagiye baharanira inyungu zabo gusa.
Igihe cyo gukorera hamwe no guharanira inyungu za buri wese kirageze. Nkuko twabivuze hejuru, dufite amashyaka hafi 30, ibi bikaba byabangamira kugera kuri iriya ntego. Amashyaka yose avuga invugo imwe ariyo: kwiyunga, ubutabera, kugira uburenganzira bungana, uburenganzira bwo kwinigura n'ibindi… Nibaza impanvu amashyaka ya opposition atakorera hamwe. Amenshi nta gahunda agira, ni akajagari gusa. Aho gukorera hamwe, amenshi afite inyota y'ubutegetsi nka RPF muri 90 na 94. Hari igihe usanga ishyaka rishyamiranye n'irindi kandi yombi avuga ko aharanira ibintu bimwe, kuburyo ndeba nkagwa mu kantu. Ugushyamirana hagari y'amashyaka binezeza RPF, RPF iba yisekera kuberako akajagari mu mashyaka ya opposition gatuma nta shyaka rigira ingufu ngo rihangane nayo.
JF: Nunvise ko ngo wagiranye interview na radio Ijwi Ryarubanda yamaze isaha, ariko uwagukoresheje iyo interview yanze gutambutsa iyo interview ngo abantu bayunve. Ushobora kudusobanurira uko byagenze ukanatubwira impanvu iyo interview banze kuyitambutsa kuri radio Ijwi Ryarubanda?
NM: Mu minsi yashize, numvise radio Ijwi Ryarubanda, ni radio abantu bunvira kuri internet, ikaba ikorera i London. Nayinyuzeho kenshi, nsubiza ibibazo ku nyandiko zanjye nsohora buri kwezi. Ariko umuntu w'inshuti yaje kumpamagara, ambwira ko umunyamakuru wo kuri iriya radio akoresha icyo abanyarwanda bita ibitekerezo bitaribyo kandi bisenya. Nyuma naje kwiyunvira uyu munyamakuru yita bamwe mu barwanye intambara "Abicanyi ruharwa". Narumiwe! Yise umwami wacu dukunda "Umusaza". Hashize ibyumweru bike, nagiranye interview n'ino radio yari imeze nk'ikiganiro-mpaka abantu bahamagara bakanvugisha, bakanyungura ibitekerezo. Intego yari iyo kuganira kunyandiko zanjye zivuga ko Kagame atazigera ava ku butegetsi, ko azakomeza gukina amacenga nka Putin kugirango agume kubutegetsi. Abantu benshi baranshimiye, ndetse umwe anambaza impanvu abanyarwanda batabasha gukorera hamwe kugirango bahindure ibintu. Namusubijeko kubera abantu nk'umunyamakuru w'Ijwi Ryarubanda wari uyoboye ikiganiro uwo munsi, bizadufata igihe kinini. Nasobanuye ukuntu uwo munyamakuru abona umuntu wese wakoreye ingoma ya RPF nk'umwicanyi, iryo akaba ari ivangura. Nabwiye uwo munyamakuru nti "Muvandimwe, nta muntu ukwiye gucira undi urubanza keretse ubutabera kandi abakurikiye RPF bose ntibishe kimwe nuko abari muri MRND bose batari abicanyi". Namusabye ko yagombye gukoresha radio ye aduhuza aho kuducamo ibice. Nunvise uwo munyamakuru ahumeka nk'umurwayi wa Asthma uri guhumekera muri ka ka appareil babacomekaho ku mazuru no ku munwa kakabafasha guhumeka. Yararakaye, avuga ko agiye guhagarika ikiganiro ariko ansezeranya ko izo ngingo ebyiri ( abakoreye ingoma ya RPF, umwami) tuzazigarukaho. Yavuze ko interview yose azayinyuza kuri radio ariko ntiyigeze ayinyuzaho. Ahubwo yongeyemo ikiganiro twari twaragiranye mbere, agisimbuza umwanzuro nari nakoze warimo ibitekerezo byubaka ariko we akaba atarabikunze na gato.
Icyo nabwira Ijwi Ryarubanda, umukozi wayo witwa Simeon Musengimana, abantu nkawe nibo dushaka gukorana kugirango twunge abavandimwe bacu.
Ushobora kwibaza uti ko mu Rwanda twagize ibibazo hagati y'amoko, ibibazo byaturutse kubusumbane hagati y'amoko, nonese abana bakomoka kuri ayo moko yombi bazamera bate? Abatwa bo se? Kuki tutavuga tuti ibi turabirambiwe ngo tugerageze kugendera ku mategeko nta vangura?
JF: Ubona bishoboka ko haba amahoro n'ubwiyunge hagati y'abahutu, abatutsi, n'abatwa? Ubona kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke hagomba iki?
NM: Nyuma ya 59, [ ...] igihe intambara yatumaga Abatutsi bahungira mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda, ibizwi cyane ariko nabi byatangiye muri 94 igihe genocide no kwihorera byatumye abo ku mpande zombi bicwa abandi bagahungira mu bihugu duturanye. Abahungiye muri Congo ariko bahungiye ubwayi mu kigunda, mapping repport yemeza ko abasirikare ba RPF barasaga abaturage b'inzirakarengane, ihanurwa rya Habyalimana na mugenzi we wayoboraga u Burundi mu nkengero z'umugi wa Kigali ryabaye imbarutso, abategetsi b'Abahutu batangira igikorwa gisa n'aho cyari cyapanzwe cyo gushaka kumara abatutsi bose muri 94. Nyuma yibyo, Kagame yashizeho ubutegetsi bw'igitugu, ariko afite uburyo amwenyura butuma abantu bemera ibinyoma bye imyaka ikaba igiye kuba 20.
JF: Mu kwezi kwa kalindwi, umwaka wa 2013, ubuhunzi buzakurwaho ku banyarwanda bose. U Rwanda ruvuga ko rusigaye rufite umutekano ko impanvu zatumye abantu baruhunga zitakiriho. Aho ibi si bimwe nk'ibyo u Rwanda rwakoze muri 94 nyuma ya genocide, rugacura impunzi zari Congo ku ngufu, nyuma zagera mu Rwanda bakazirega kugira uruhare muri Genocide bakazifunga? Abanyarwanda bari hanze y'u Rwanda bagombye kugira ubwoba kubera iki cyemezo cyo gukuraho ubuhunzi?
NM: Ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda bwananiwe kugabanya ubutaka, u Rwanda ni ruto ariko rutuwe n'abantu benshi. Ni gute wahatira abantu gutaha kandi n'abari mu Rwanda batabasha kurugabana ngo bose babone umugabane ukwiye. Icyo dukeneye n'uburenganzira bwo kujya mu Rwanda nta nkomyi. Abazasubira mu Rwanda bazabe bazi ko bashobora guhura n'ibibazo by'umutekano, cyangwa ko bashobora kujyanwa mu nkiko.
Translated by Anonymous.
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