Pages

Friday, 31 January 2014

[RwandaLibre] UN sanctions sparks row between DRC and Rwanda | eNCA

 


UN sanctions sparks row between DRC and Rwanda


Africa
Kigali's UN ambassador Eugene-Richard Gasana. The UN Security Council on Thursday renewed a sanctions regime against Democratic Republic of Congo in a vote that sparked a furious row between Congo and Rwanda. Picture: AFP

UNITED NATIONS, United States - The UN Security Council on Thursday renewed a sanctions regime against Democratic Republic of Congo in a vote that sparked a furious row between Congo and Rwanda.

The council backed a sanctions committee report which says the M23 rebel group is recruiting in Rwanda despite its military defeat and that its leaders are moving freely in Uganda.

Rwanda, as a temporary member of the 15-nation Security Council, voted for resolution 2136 but then lashed out at the sanctions report and DR Congo.

Kigali's UN ambassador Eugene-Richard Gasana called the sanctions committee report "baseless" and said his DR Congo counterpart was a "cry baby" always complaining to the council about Rwanda.

DR Congo's ambassador Ignace Gata Mativa said the sanctions experts had clearly shown "grave violations" by Rwanda and Uganda by aiding "destabilization" in eastern DR Congo.

"Such an attitude constitutes an act of aggression that the Security Council must record and condemn," Gata added.

"Dear friend, it is time to stop acting like a cry baby each time, each time to come here and hit out at Rwanda," Gasana responded.

M23 launched an uprising against the DR Congo government in 2012 and briefly occupied the key city of Goma before it was defeated by government forces late last year. It is one of a host of groups that have brought strife to eastern DR Congo over the past two decades.

UN experts have repeatedly said Rwanda and Uganda support the rebels. The two countries deny any role in the uprising.

Gasana repeated accusations that the experts are "unprofessional" and that their work threatens peace efforts.

The council resolution renewed the mandate of the experts and expressed "full support" for their work, however.

The council expressed "strong condemnation" of "internal or external support to armed groups active in the region, including through financial, logistical and military support." But it did not mention Rwanda or any alleged backing for M23.

The resolution did highlight "deep concern" over accusations in the sanctions report that DR Congo forces had been in "collaboration" with the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, which includes some fighters who took part in Rwanda's 1994 genocide.

The Security Council ordered that individuals and entities arming DR Congo groups "through illicit trade of natural resources, including gold or wildlife as well as wildlife products" should be included on the sanctions list.

The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) said in a statement that the move was a "critical step" in the battle against elephant poaching and illicit ivory trading.

A resolution passed Tuesday starting a sanctions regime in neighbouring Central African Republic also said poachers linked to armed groups should be targeted.

WWF said that more than 20,000 elephants are killed each year for their tusks, many of them in Central Africa conflict zones.

-AFP

__._,_.___
Reply via web post Reply to sender Reply to group Start a New Topic Messages in this topic (1)
Recent Activity:
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
.To post a message: RwandaLibre@yahoogroups.com; .To join: RwandaLibre-subscribe@yahoogroups.com; .To unsubscribe from this group,send an email to:
RwandaLibre-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
_____________________________________________________

More news:  http://amakurunamateka.blogspot.co.uk/; http://ikangurambaga.blogspot.co.uk/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
.

__,_._,___

Thursday, 30 January 2014

Re: *DHR* Re: Miss Rwanda 2014


Njye ndabona babaza ibibazo bikomeye byasubzwa n'umuntu ufite ubumenyi mu bya economie. Ntabwo ibibazo babaza biri mu kigero cy'amashuri barimo.





 
Igifaransa ko batagishoboye ko ari urulimi rw'abahanga bakihoreye nkuko Kagame yagikiyeho mu Rwanda. Ahubwo nibaza n'amagambo make bavuga aho bayakura. None ni ya masaha abiri mu cyumweru abafasha?
 



From: Jean Bosco Sibomana <sibomanaxyz999@gmail.com>
To: Sibomana Jean Bosco <Sibomanaxyz999@gmail.com>
Sent: Thursday, 30 January 2014, 21:17
Subject: *DHR* Re: Miss Rwanda 2014

 
Leurs réponses aux questions sont un très bon indicateur de la
performance du système scolaire dans lequel évoluent ces candidates.
Elles ne maîtrisent ni le français ni l'anglais! Bref, elles ont TOUT
dans les fesses, et RIEN dans la tête!"

*DHR* Miss Rwanda 2014 Libellés : Forums

agnesmurebwayire@yahoo.fr - 13:18

à Democracy_Human_Rights

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdMaEEw6u5Q#t=438
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdMaEEw6u5Q#t=438

--
SIBOMANA Jean Bosco
Google+: https://plus.google.com/110493390983174363421/posts
YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D
http://www.youtube.com/user/sibomanaxyz999
***Online Time:15H30-20H30, heure de Montréal.***Fuseau horaire
domestique: heure normale de la côte Est des Etats-Unis et Canada
(GMT-05:00)***


__

Re: *DHR* Re: Miss Rwanda 2014

Igifaransa ko batagishoboye ko ari urulimi rw'abahanga bakihoreye nkuko Kagame yagikiyeho mu Rwanda. Ahubwo nibaza n'amagambo make bavuga aho bayakura. None ni ya masaha abiri mu cyumweru abafasha?
 



From: Jean Bosco Sibomana <sibomanaxyz999@gmail.com>
To: Sibomana Jean Bosco <Sibomanaxyz999@gmail.com>
Sent: Thursday, 30 January 2014, 21:17
Subject: *DHR* Re: Miss Rwanda 2014

 
Leurs réponses aux questions sont un très bon indicateur de la
performance du système scolaire dans lequel évoluent ces candidates.
Elles ne maîtrisent ni le français ni l'anglais! Bref, elles ont TOUT
dans les fesses, et RIEN dans la tête!"

*DHR* Miss Rwanda 2014 Libellés : Forums

agnesmurebwayire@yahoo.fr - 13:18

à Democracy_Human_Rights

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdMaEEw6u5Q#t=438
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdMaEEw6u5Q#t=438

--
SIBOMANA Jean Bosco
Google+: https://plus.google.com/110493390983174363421/posts
YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D
http://www.youtube.com/user/sibomanaxyz999
***Online Time:15H30-20H30, heure de Montréal.***Fuseau horaire
domestique: heure normale de la côte Est des Etats-Unis et Canada
(GMT-05:00)***
__._,_.___


[RwandaLibre] Re: Miss Rwanda 2014

 

Leurs réponses aux questions sont un très bon indicateur de la
performance du système scolaire dans lequel évoluent ces candidates.
Elles ne maîtrisent ni le français ni l'anglais! Bref, elles ont TOUT
dans les fesses, et RIEN dans la tête!"

*DHR* Miss Rwanda 2014 Libellés : Forums

agnesmurebwayire@yahoo.fr - 13:18

à Democracy_Human_Rights

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdMaEEw6u5Q#t=438
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdMaEEw6u5Q#t=438

--
SIBOMANA Jean Bosco
Google+: https://plus.google.com/110493390983174363421/posts
YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D
http://www.youtube.com/user/sibomanaxyz999
***Online Time:15H30-20H30, heure de Montréal.***Fuseau horaire
domestique: heure normale de la côte Est des Etats-Unis et Canada
(GMT-05:00)***

__._,_.___
Reply via web post Reply to sender Reply to group Start a New Topic Messages in this topic (1)
Recent Activity:
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
.To post a message: RwandaLibre@yahoogroups.com; .To join: RwandaLibre-subscribe@yahoogroups.com; .To unsubscribe from this group,send an email to:
RwandaLibre-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
_____________________________________________________

More news:  http://amakurunamateka.blogspot.co.uk/; http://ikangurambaga.blogspot.co.uk/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
.

__,_._,___

Paul Kagame-Yoweri Museveni, ces monstres qui ne s'imaginent pas qu'ils mourront un jour. Prions pour eux.




L'histoire a créé des monstres qui ne s'imaginent pas qu'ils mourront un jour! Paul Kagame et Yoweri Kaguta Museveni Sont de ceux-là.
Les hommes ne savent pas où ils vont. Ils mangent, boivent et même se hasardent à tuer leurs semblables. Ah!, si l'avenir nous était connu d'avance, la vie deviendrait impossible, n'est-ce pas? Nous savons que nous mourrons un jour mais nous ne savons pas quand. Et le désir nous emporte, nous continuons à mener des aventures meurtrières au delà des frontières de nos pays pour semer terreur et désolation en pensant que nous sommes immortels.
Non, nous mourrons un jour et toutes ces fortunes amassées, ne seront que du vent. Eh oui, c'est vers les loges de l'oubli et de l'éternité que nous nous dirigeons. Dans les abîmes de l'histoire, j'allais dire.

Ce que nous rappelle si savamment et sagement le livre de l'Ecclésiaste dans son premier chapitre, premier verset. Vanité de vanités ne peut être que vanité. Tout est vanité, écrit, l'Ecclésiaste. Et moi de rajouter les paroles de cette jolie chanson de je ne sais quelle chorale mais oh combien prophétique « Akamanyu k'umutsima ». Rien que cela.

J'ai utilisé le nous mais vous l'aurez bien compris. Je m'adresse à notre cher président le généralissime Paul Kagame. Savait-il que les hommes, qui sont rentrés dans le temps, finiront par en sortir? Bien sûr la fin des temps et ses horreurs restent cachées à nos yeux car l'avenir est un secret et le monde un énigme. Ces guerres qu'il adore tant risquent de se retourner contre lui dans un futur proche ou lointain. C'est le retour du bâton. Ne dit-on pas « à la guerre comme à la guerre »? Et les Rwandais, le disent encore mieux. " Na nyina wundi abyara umuhungu ".
Puisque nous parlons de la guerre restons-y. Elle est toujours cruelle toujours semblable à elle-même. Depuis Caïn et Abel, Alexandre le grand, les Romains et même les empereurs de Chine, cette bête féroce qu'est la guerre parvient encore inventer des ruses et des délires pour faire souffrir tant d'innocents. Eh oui, il y a eu le délire de Hitler c'était le peuple juif. Le délire de Staline, c'était l'ennemi de classes et plus récemment, plus près de nous, le délire de Paul Kagamé et de Yoweri Museveni, qui est de créer l'empire Hima-Tutsi englobant toute la région de Grands lacs. Le HAVILA, me direz-vous.
Mais, toi aussi Maurice, il y a eu les Carthaginois et les Romains (encore eux), les croisés et les musulmans, les Aztèques et les Espagnols, les Huns et les Mongols, les expéditions de Simon de Montfort et les Albigeois, me direz-vous, encore.  J'accepte volontiers.
 Mais, chers amis, l'histoire a créé des monstres et leur commun est le même: tuer avec allégresse, torturer, brûler, crucifier, fusiller, égorger,…. Et pourtant, ce qu'il y a de bien chez les hommes, c'est qu'ils s'évanouissent dans le temps et qu'ils s'en vont avec lui, écrivait Jean d'Ormesson.
Aux souffrances guéries succéderont d'autres souffrances et aux obstacles franchis succéderont d'autres obstacles. L'histoire est un éternel recommencement. Il y a ceux qui veulent que tout change et les autres qui veulent que rien ne bouge. Evidemment chacun prêche pour sa paroisse et croit à sa religion et naturellement pense que sa religion est la seule à être vraie et qu'il pourrait se ferait tuer pour elle. Vous avez parlé de délires?
Le monde est un théâtre, disait Wivine Sebyera. Nous y bâclons tous notre numéro sous les projecteurs de l'histoire, nous récitons notre texte, on nous applaudit (ou on nous siffle) et après notre numéro nous rentrons à jamais dans les loges de l'oubli et de l'éternité.

J'ai eu le rare privilège de voir Mobutu au sommet de sa gloire et de partager avec lui les grands moments de sa vie. Je l'ai suivi dans la décadence de son pouvoir, jusqu'à sa mort dans la solitude la plus complète, écrivait Honoré N'gbanda. Ces histoires, ces faits qui ne sont pas si lointains ne donnent aucune leçon de morale.

Plaise au ciel que ces paroles du livre de la sagesse puissent  éveiller les consciences des grands de ce monde, d'un seul monde, j'allais dire. Le monde africain.

« J'exécutai de grands ouvrages: je me bâtis des maisons; je me plantai des vignes; je me fis des jardins et des vergers, et j'y plantai des arbres à fruit de toute espèce; je me créai des étangs, pour arroser la forêt où croissaient les arbres. J'achetai des serviteurs et des servantes, et j'eus leurs enfants nés dans la maison; je possédai des troupeaux de bœufs et de brebis, plus que tous ceux qui étaient avant moi dans Jérusalem. Je m'amassai de l'argent et de l'or, et les richesses des rois et des provinces. Je me procurai des chanteurs et des chanteuses, et les délices des fils de l'homme, des femmes en grand nombre. Je devins grand, plus grand que tous ceux qui étaient avant moi dans Jérusalem. Tout ce que mes yeux avaient désiré, je ne les en ai point privés; je n'ai refusé à mon cœur aucune joie; car mon cœur prenait plaisir à tout mon travail, et c'est la part qui m'en est revenue. Puis, j'ai considéré tous les ouvrages que mes mains avaient faits, et la peine que j'avais prise à les exécuter; et voici, tout est vanité et poursuite du vent, et il n'y a aucun avantage à tirer de ce qu'on fait sous le soleil. » L'Ecclésiaste, chapitre 2, verset 4 à 11.
Prions pour notre cher président Paul Kagame et son mentor Yoweri Kaguta Museveni pour qu'ils s'empreignent de ces paroles de la sagesse. Ont-ils le temps ou la volonté? L'histoire leur tiendra rigueur. Ne dit-ont pas que l'histoire est têtue? Qui vivra verra!
MS
 

[RwandaLibre] Documentary Shows Softer Side of Russia's 'Merchant of Death'

 

Documentary Shows Softer Side of Russia's 'Merchant of Death'


Viktor Bout
© AFP 2013/ Christophe Archambault18:11 29/01/2014

Tags: US Sundance Film Festival, documentary, Viktor Bout, United States

MOSCOW, January 29 (by Joy Neumeyer, The Moscow News) – Viktor Bout,
the arms dealer nicknamed by the Western press "the Merchant of
Death," is standing in a kitchen in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo, making pelmeni. The year is 2000, and Bout is providing weapons
for the country's bloody civil war. As his shirtless cronies wedge
bits of ground beef into pasta dough, one man mentions the hypothesis
that the universe will eventually collapse on itself. "That's
absolutely right," Bout says as he rolls the dough. "A system is
always heading toward self-destruction."

The scene's dark, surreal humor is the heart of "The Notorious Mr.
Bout," a documentary by Tony Gerber and Maxim Pozdorovkin that
premiered last week at the Sundance Film Festival in the US. In
addition to ferrying weapons for violent regimes, Bout was also a
passionate cook, linguist, ballroom dancer, and most importantly, home
movie fanatic.

For "The Notorious Mr. Bout," the directors gained access to footage
Bout filmed over the course of 25 years. It shows him hawking machine
guns and strolling with war criminals, but also doing the conga,
jumping naked in the snow and romancing his wife Alla.

Pozdorovkin calls the film "a bit of a head trip."

"People come in expecting something totally different, and then they
go out with a lot of questions," he said, speaking from Park City,
Utah, before Sundance's close.

Pozdorovkin was born in Moscow and grew up in the US. He previously
directed "Pussy Riot: A Punk Prayer

," which made it onto the longlist for this year's Best Documentary
Oscar. "There's a way in which these stories are bizarre mirror images
of each other," he said. "Ultimately, they're both show trials."

The ambitious Bout, who learned Esperanto as a child, entered
international trade in his early 20s, when he began importing Coca
Cola and other consumer goods to Eastern Europe in the wake of the
Soviet collapse.

At the time, "there were stockpiles of old Soviet military equipment
that wasn't needed anymore," said Matt Potter, a journalist who has
covered the arms trade and is interviewed in the film. "It was either
going to go rusty, or someone was going to make some money out of it."

Bout chose the latter option, banding together with some of his army
pilot friends to travel around the globe. When "The Notorious Mr.
Bout" begins, Bout is driving a ramshackle car and getting married in
an ill-fitting suit. Within a couple of years, he is chartering a
private plane with leopard-print seats. But by 2010, his own shots are
replaced by the filmmakers': He is behind bars, far from his beloved
movie camera. After years of ferrying cargo across Africa and the
Middle East, Bout was brought down by a sting operation in Bangkok in
2008 and later extradited to New York, where he was convicted of
conspiring to kill Americans and money laundering, among other crimes.

Pozdorovkin first met Bout in the US maximum security prison where he
is currently serving his 25-year sentence. He had spent the previous
14 months in solitary confinement, with the lights on 24 hours a day.
When he entered the room, he was shackled across his feet, arms and
chest.

"I'd never seen anything like it," Pozdorovkin said.

These days, Bout spends much of his time listening to Puerto Rican
salsa on the local radio station; his lawyer has printed him dance
steps. During his meetings with Pozdorovkin, which could not be
recorded, he urinated in a bottle to avoid making the shackled,
guarded trip to the bathroom. Pozdorovkin bought vending machine
snacks for the newly vegan prisoner, who is now much leaner than he
was in his transatlantic heyday.

After more than a year in solitary confinement, Bout was eager to
talk, and the men spent hours discussing literature, politics and
languages. Eventually, he and Alla gave permission for the filmmakers
to use his home movies, which total over 150 hours.

Bout had a vague idea of making a movie about his life. In one bit of
footage, his associates train Rwandan soldiers in gas masks. "These
will be the funniest shots in the whole movie," Bout says with relish.

Other moments show him with figures such as Jean-Pierre Bemba, the
Congolese politician who has been tried in The Hague for war crimes.
But even when Bout is in the middle of the world's most violent
conflicts, he unfailingly acts like a tourist, merrily taking
snapshots of the locals and suggesting the home of a deposed leader be
turned into honeymoon suites.

"He comes out not as a sinister, networked kind of bigwig," Potter
said, "but as a bit of a used car dealer."

As business grew, Bout gained fame: A book came out about him in 2007
titled "The Merchant of Death," and his story served as the
inspiration for "The Lord of War," a 2005 thriller starring Nicolas
Cage. Rather than retreating, he fed the publicity, posing for a New
York Times Magazine cover story. Eventually, Potter said, he simply
became "too visible," and was caught in the Thai sting by agents
posing as Colombian guerillas.

Part of the film's goal is to question what Pozdorovkin calls "naive"
assumptions about the arms trade. "There's this idea that it's this
shadow world that's so dark, but everyone's complicit in it,
governments and everyone else," he said. At various points, he noted,
Bout was on the payroll of both Russia and the US.

Several attempts to screen "Pussy Riot: A Punk Prayer" in Moscow have
been nixed, most recently by city culture head Sergei Kapkov, in a
move that Pozdorovkin calls "idiotic." "The Notorious Mr. Bout,"
however, is in talks to appear at several Moscow film festivals and
get a limited theatrical release.

Bout hasn't seen the film, though he may have the chance if it's shown
on the prison's television. In the meantime, his former business goes
on without him.

"There are a lot of people still doing what he does," Potter said.
"They're just much more subtle about it."

Мужские новости

http://www.google.ca/gwt/x?gl=CA&hl=en-CA&u=http://en.ria.ru/analysis/20140129/187023027/Documentary-Shows-Softer-Side-of-Russias-Merchant-of-Death.html&q=documentary+shows+dark+side



--
SIBOMANA Jean Bosco
Google+: https://plus.google.com/110493390983174363421/posts
YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9B4024D0AE764F3D
http://www.youtube.com/user/sibomanaxyz999
***Online Time:15H30-20H30, heure de Montréal.***Fuseau horaire
domestique: heure normale de la côte Est des Etats-Unis et Canada
(GMT-05:00)***

__._,_.___
Reply via web post Reply to sender Reply to group Start a New Topic Messages in this topic (1)
Recent Activity:
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
.To post a message: RwandaLibre@yahoogroups.com; .To join: RwandaLibre-subscribe@yahoogroups.com; .To unsubscribe from this group,send an email to:
RwandaLibre-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
_____________________________________________________

More news:  http://amakurunamateka.blogspot.co.uk/; http://ikangurambaga.blogspot.co.uk/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
.

__,_._,___

[RwandaLibre] Découvrez nos offres spéciales de formation Mars 2014

 

Bonjour ,

Nous avons l'honneur de vous communiquer nos offres spéciales de formation pour le mois de Mars 2014.

-        Les techniques de management du risque, du 19 au 28 mars 2014 à Casablanca + Un ordinateur portable est offert pour chaque participation le tout pour seulement 1990 Euros.

-        La sécurité des systèmes d'information selon la norme ISO 27001:2013, du 19 au 28 mars 2014 à Casablanca + Un ordinateur portable est offert pour chaque participation le tout pour seulement 1990 Euros.

-        Les procédures de passation des marchés selon les exigences de la banque mondiale, du 19 au 28 mars 2014 à Casablanca + Un ordinateur portable est offert pour chaque participation le tout pour seulement 1990 Euros.

Pour découvrir les autres modules programmés, prière de consulter ou de télécharger notre catalogue des formations 2014, en copiant ou en cliquant sur le lien suivant :
 
Pinpoint Conseil reste à votre disposition pour optimiser votre budget avec ses offres de formations.
 
NB : Visitez notre page Facebook  (http://www.facebook.com/ pinpointconseil ). Nous vous invitons à cliquer sur le bouton « J'aime ».


Mes sincères salutations.
-----
Sid Ahmed DINE
Directeur
Pinpoint Conseil
82, Rue SOUMAYA, 
Casablanca
"More than knowledge, Simply a Know-How"
www.pinpoint-conseil.com 
Tél : (+212) 5-22-98-43-57 
Fax : (+212) 5-22-98-43-57 
Mobile: (+212) 6-60-39-38-90 
Email: sidahmed.dine@pinpoint- conseil.com

__._,_.___
Reply via web post Reply to sender Reply to group Start a New Topic Messages in this topic (1)
Recent Activity:
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
.To post a message: RwandaLibre@yahoogroups.com; .To join: RwandaLibre-subscribe@yahoogroups.com; .To unsubscribe from this group,send an email to:
RwandaLibre-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com
_____________________________________________________

More news:  http://amakurunamateka.blogspot.co.uk/; http://ikangurambaga.blogspot.co.uk/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
.

__,_._,___

“Uwigize agatebo ayora ivi”. Ubutegetsi bukugira agatebo ukariyora uko bukeye n’uko bwije.

"Ce dont j’ai le plus peur, c’est des gens qui croient que, du jour au lendemain, on peut prendre une société, lui tordre le cou et en faire une autre."

“The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.”

“The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.”

“I have loved justice and hated iniquity: therefore I die in exile."

KOMEZA USOME AMAKURU N'IBITEKEREZO BYA VUBA BYAGUCITSE:

RECOMMENCE

RECOMMENCE

1.Kumenya Amakuru n’amateka atabogamye ndetse n’Ibishobora Kukugiraho Ingaruka ni Uburenganzira Bwawe.

2.Kwisanzura mu Gutanga Ibitekerezo, Kurwanya Ubusumbane, Akarengane n’Ibindi Byose Bikubangamiye ni Uburenganzira Bwawe.